Sunday, July 6, 2008

Arizona geo students receive GSA research awards


A number of Arizona geology students are receiving awards from the Geological Society of America:

  • Alexander Sisson Research Award (to support research in Alaska and the Caribbean) to Eric Helfrich at NAU
  • Harold T. Stearns Fellowship Award (for student research in the circum-Pacific region) to David Pearson, UA
  • Charles A. 7 June R.P. Ross Research Fund (to support research in biostratigraphy) to Heidi Roop, NAU

Arizona students receiving GSA Division Student Awards are:

  • Hydrogeology Division Student Research Grant Award to Kyle Brown, UA
  • Quaternary Geology & Geomorphology Division, J. Hoover Macklin Student Research Award to Rebecca Franklin, UA

Saturday, July 5, 2008

Keep your eye on China


China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is growing 11% per year compared to 2.2% in the U.S. pushing that nation to strategically invest in Research & Development (R&D) and to invest in natural resources around the world. China is currently behind the U.S. in percentage spent on R&D, compared to the U.S. 2.5 - 3% of GDP, but they are catching up.

Those numbers and conclusions are from Gene Whitney, the only geologist in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Gene spoke to the state geologist's annual meeting in West Virginia last week, on the general topic of U.S. science spending in the global arena. He told us that the U.S. government and industry spend about $353 billion annually on R&D, 1/3 of the world's total spending of $1.1 trillion. Interestingly, industry's share of domestic R&D surpassed the federal share in 1979-80 and now accounts for 65% of total R&D. Also interesting is that energy, minerals, water and other earth science related fields are not in the top 25 areas.

The impact of Gene's remarks were echoed by a talk by Jon Price of Nevada that described extensive Chinese investments in U.S. mines and minerals as one of many efforts by that nation to ensure they have the resources needed to sustain the growth of their economy. Vince Matthews of Colorado echoed Jon's talk with numerous additional examples.

One of the common topics in hallway conversations was about what the Chinese were buying in each state. I couldn't identify a specific Chinese investment in Arizona minerals, but noted that India-based Sterlite has the winning bid so far for Asarco. India often gets less attention than China but has its own global efforts to acquire control of strategic resources.

Jon Price anticipates increased economic competition with China and others. Gene Whitney noted that the U.S. has not had a global political rival for years now, comparable to the USSR in the Cold War or the Nazis in WWII. Those political struggles led to the Apollo and Manhattan projects respectively. These were not science projects per se, but benefited science tremendously. Gene urged us to keep an eye on China as an increasing competitor for global resources. That's what motivates politicians, and what could lead to increased expenditures for R&D.

Arizonan's exploding asteroid theory strengthened by new evidence

A controversial theory put forth by Arizona-based geophysicist Allan West a few years ago is looking more likely with new evidence found in recent weeks. West proposed that a comet or asteroid explosion just above the earth's surface at the end of the last Ice Age 12,900 years ago created a massive shock wave and heat pulse that set large parts of the northern hemisphere ablaze.

A new report from the University of Cincinnati says anthropology professor Ken Tankersley, working with Allen West and Indiana Geological Survey Research Scientist Nelson R. Schaffer, has verified samples of diamonds, gold and silver that have been found in sites in Ohio and Indiana offers the strongest support yet for the exploding comet/asteroid theory. The samples are conclusively sourced back to the diamond fields region of Canada, based on X-ray diffractometry in the lab of Univ. of Cinncinnati geology professor Warren Huff . The only plausible scenario available now for explaining their presence this far south they say, is the kind of cataclysmic explosive event described by West's theory.

[photo: A "black mat" of algal growth in Arizona marks a line of extinction at 12,900 years ago; Clovis points and mammoth skeletons were found at the line but not above it. Credit: Allan West, UCSB]

Tempe-based McIntosh sold to Stantec

Tempe-based McIntosh Engineering, a mining service company, has been acquired by design firm Stantec for an undisclosed amount. McIntosh has more than 200 employees in Arizona and Canada, and specializes in serving many of the largest, deepest, and most technically challenging mines in the world. In 2007 McIntosh gross revenues were approximately C$32 million.

McIntosh gives Stantec a foothold in the active mining sector. According to the Stantec press release, McIntosh is a leader in underground mining engineering and services range from mine conceptualization through mine feasibility, detail engineering and design for construction, procurement and construction management. The firm's specialties include underground mining methods, mine development, deep shafts, materials handling systems and complete infrastructure in support of underground operations.

McIntosh produced a downloadable book on underground hard rock mining, The Hard Rock Miner's Handbook, which contains twenty-nine chapters covering geology through mining, mine development, infrastructure, and mineral processing.

Geological Surveys facing challenges in economy, security, policy

Nick Tew, the State Geologist of Alabama, is the incoming president of the Association of American State Geologists, and this morning he sent out a letter to AASG members outlining his goals and priorities for the next year. Below are a few excerpts from that letter:

"Our country and the world face many challenges over the coming years and the nation’s geological surveys have a huge role to play in addressing a number of these challenges. Among these are energy, mineral, and water resources and supplies; natural hazards; and climate change, but there are also many others.

"...there has been no other time in the history of this nation, save perhaps in the early days when our predecessors were engaged in the initial delineation and development of our natural resources, that the work of the geological surveys was more important than it is today. We are uniquely positioned to make significant contributions as we seek to provide for the long term societal well-being, economic viability, and overall security of the United States.

"...the collective voice of the State Geologists is indeed powerful. Our voice and perspectives are unique and we enjoy great respect as providers of unbiased scientific information that can inform and influence the development of sound public policy. Our challenge, however, is to make our voice heard in an authoritative and effective way and, as we know, this is an area where we can improve. It is critically important, especially during this time of significant transition in the body politic, that we carefully and thoughtfully craft our message and organize in a way that assures that this message is delivered effectively and efficiently."


Historic mining town of Crown King threatened by fire

The small town of Crown King, one of the last inhabited small mining towns in Arizona, is being evacuated because of approaching wild fires. The town was named after the mine that operated there in the late 1800s. [right, crownking.com]

The community with about 100 year-round residents, is accessed by an unpaved road about 90 miles northwest of Phoenix.

ASU, UA scientists unlock secrets of Mercury geology

The new issue of Science carries a special section on the results of the MESSENGER mission to Mercury, which arrived in January and imaged half of the part of the planet that was not seen by the Mariner 10 spacecraft in the 1970s.

Geology professor Mark Robinson at ASU is lead author on one paper in the journal that discovered widespread volcanism across Mercury. Impact craters are common, but Robinson and co-authors conclude that much of the planet was resurfaced by volcanic activity that is either low in iron, or where the iron is locked up in non-silicate minerals.

UA planetary geologist Robert Strom is lead author on a companion paper examining crater densities that supports the conclusion that planetary resurfacing by volcanism took place after the early bombardment phase.

[right: volcanism in Caloris impact basin (C); white arrows mark locations of young smooth plains whose composition appears related to the Caloris plains. Small volcanic centers formed by explosive eruptions (black arrows). Dark blue areas are older rocks that may be rich in the mineral ilmenite. Credit, NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Arizona State University/Carnegie Institution of Washington]